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How colorful was Muhammad Shah Rangeela?
May 12, 1739, in the
evening. There is a lot of enthusiasm in Delhi, Shahjahanabad has lights, and
the Red Fort has festivities. Food, betel, and syrup are being provided to the
underprivileged.
Today, Muhammad Shah,
the 13th crown prince of the Mughal Empire, is sitting in front of the Iranian King
Nadir Shah in the court, but at present He is missing the regal crown, which is
why Nadir Shah took the kingdom from him two and a half months ago. It is time
for Nadir shah to return to Iran after 56 days in Delhi, and he wishes to hand
over the reins of India to Muhammad Shah once more.
Nadir Shah swept the
centuries-old Mughal treasury and turned over the wallets of all the city's
princes and nobles, but he was told in private by Noor Bai, a Delhi prostitute
who would be referenced later. Given that all you've accomplished pales in
comparison to Muhammad Shah's turban.
Nadir Shah was a
politician. On this occasion, a trick was performed which is called Nahla Pe
Dehla. "In Iran, there is a tradition where brothers switch turbans on
certain occasions," he informed Mohammad Shah. So why not repeat the ritual?
The only option for
Muhammad Shah was to bend his head. The world's most renowned diamond, the
Koh-i-Noor, departed India and arrived in Iran when Nadir Shah removed his
turban and placed it on his head.
The Rangeela king
The diamond's owner, Muhammad
Shah, was born in 1702 during the reign of his great-grandfather Aurangzeb
Alamgir. His real name was Roshan Akhtar, but he was given the title of Abul
Fateh Naseer-ud-Din Roshan Akhtar Muhammad Shah by King Syed Brothers on
September 29, 1719, when he was just 17 years old. His own nickname was 'Sada
Rangeela'. Because no one recalls such a long name, the people merged the two
and named him Muhammad Shah Rangeela, a name by which he is still recognized
and accepted across India.
At the time of Muhammad
Shah's birth, Aurangzeb Alamgir had introduced a special kind of fanatical
Islam in India.
The livelihood of
singers and musicians was cut off during the Aurangzeb era when music was
outlawed. Fed up, a thousand artists marched out of Delhi's Jama Masjid on
Friday, carrying musical instruments in the form of funerals and weeping. When
Aurangzeb saw this, he was astonished and asked, "Whose body is being
taken away for which so much sighing and groaning is being done?" "You've
killed the music, and now you're burying it," he said.
Aurangzeb replied, 'Dig
the grave a little deeper!'
Every action has an
equal and opposite response, according to physics. The same principle applies
to history and human society, that whatever is pressed harder, it emerges with
the same force. Similarly, following Aurangzeb, under the reign of Muhammad
Shah, all the arts that had been banned before he resurfaced.
Two extremes
The most interesting
testimony to this can be found in 'Marqa-e-Delhi'. This is a book which was
written by Qali Khan, the court dargah of Muhammad Shah and in it, he has drawn
the pictures with the words that the living breath of this age comes before the
eyes of Delhi.
A study of this book
reveals a strange thing that not only the king, but the life of the people of Delhi also traveled like a pendulum between two extremes. On the one hand, they lived a
life full of luxuries, when they got tired, they would go straight to the
shrines of saints When his heart was full from there, he would take refuge in
the colors of life again.
In the marquee of
Delhi, mention has been made of the Holy Shrine of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), the
Shrine of Hazrat Ali, the Tomb of Nizamuddin Auliya, the Dargah of Qutb Sahib, and dozens of other places where crowds of devotees reside. It is written in
the book that there are so many graves of saints here that even heaven envies
them. On the one hand, the Eleventh Sharif is held here with great fanfare all
over Delhi, chandeliers are decorated and hearings are held.
On the other hand,
music also flourished during this period. The Dargah mentions many musicians
who were associated with the royal court. Among them, Ada Rang and Sada Rang
are the most prominent, which gave a new tone to the idea of singing
style which is still popular today.
Elephant traffic jam
Why does dance lag
behind in this world? “Noor Bai” has already been mentioned. In front of his
upstairs, there was a crowd of elephants of Amra and Rosa that would cause a
traffic jam. According to the Marqa of Delhi:
That everyone who got a
whiff of his celebration caused damage to his property, and his inebriated mind
continued whirling around like a tornado." Many people have invested all
of their money in this infidel, destroying a significant portion of the world's
riches.
Noor Bai had also
established a relationship with Nadir Shah and possibly in such a solitary
gathering he revealed the secret of Koh-i-Noor to Nadir Shah. It is important
to note here that the incident was reported by East India Company historian
Theo Mutkaf in a book about Koh-i-Noor, but some historians are skeptical of
its validity. Yet it is so famous that it has become part of India's collective
memory.
Dargah Qali Khan
narrates the wonderful story of another prostitute Ad Begum as follows:
Ad Begum: There is a
famous Begum of Delhi who does not wear pajamas, but makes flower-like flowers
on the lower part of her body like pajamas. Certainly, they make flowers that
are in the place of Rumi Kamkhwab. In this way, they go to the gatherings of
princes and the amazing thing is that there is no difference between pajamas
and this painting. Until this secret is uncovered, no one can detect his
workmanship.
This was the time of
Mir Taqi Mir's youth. Is it any wonder that he wrote this poem inspired by Ad
Begum:
jee phatt gaya hai rashk se chaspan libaas ke,
kya tang jama lipta hai is ke badan ke sath
During this time,
Muhammad Shah's daily routine was to go to Jharok Darshan in the morning and
enjoy the battles of quails or elephants. If there is any complaint during this
time, listen to his father. Enjoy the art of playboys, nuts, imitations, and
clowns in the afternoon, dances, and music in the evenings and nights...
The king had another
hobby. He often liked to wear women's clothes and used to come to the court
dressed as a silk beast. At that time he used to have shoes with pearls on his
feet. However, it is written in the books that after the invasion of Nadir
Shah, they were mostly content with white clothes.
The Mughal art of
painting, which had withered in the time of Aurangzeb, has now come to the
fore. Notable painters of this period include Nada Mill and Chit Raman, whose
paintings can be compared to the art of the golden age of Mughal painting.
Golden bird
In such a situation,
how would the government run the business, and who would run it? Nawabs of
fertile and wealthy provinces like Odh, Bengal, and Deccan practically became
kings of their respective territories. In the south, the Marhats began to gain
ground and the Timurid empire began to crumble.
Why did Nadir Shah
invade India? Shafiqul-ur-Rehman in his masterpiece 'Tazak-e-Nadri' has given
many reasons for this, for example, 'Indian singers make fun of us by doing'
Nadarna Dhim Dhim ', or ' We did not come to attack but to meet our paternal. Humor
in its place, the real reason was only two.
First, India was militarily
weak. Second: It was full of wealth.
Despite the decline,
the Mughal emperor's coin was still in circulation from Kabul to Bengal, and
its capital, Delhi, was then the largest city in the world with a population of
2 million more than the combined population of London and Paris. It could be
counted among the richest cities in the world.
Thus, Nadir Shah
entered India in early 1739, crossing the Khyber Pass, the famous route of the
conquerors of India. It is said that whenever Muhammad Shah was told that Nadir
Shah's troops were advancing, he would say: 'The Delhi is still far away, that
is, Delhi is far away now, what to worry about now.
When Nadir Shah reached
a hundred miles away from Delhi, the Mughal emperor voluntarily had to lead his
own army for the first time in his life. Here, too, Crowfer's knowledge that
the total number of his army was in the millions, however, the bulk of it consisted
of cooks, masks, forts, servants, treasurers, and other civilian personnel,
while the combat troops were just over a million. Were
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